The Philosophy of Ancient Culture in the Context of the Evolution of the States of European Culture: An Analysis of the Autonomy of Cultures

O. Marukhovskа-Kartunova; M. Bugrov; O. Yatskiv; V. Malyk

The importance of ancient philosophical culture for modern Western civilization is extremely tangible since the foundations of social functioning and its reception were laid in Greece and Ancient Rome. The aim of the article is to examine the influence of ancient philosophical culture on the development of national cultures of our time, to identify certain philosophical categories that are rooted in contemporary thought and influence social and political life. Study design: the main theoretical works of scholars were studied using the method of content analysis of contemporary literature: a total of 50 positions of professional literature were considered. Methodology: authors of the paper used primarily the methods of theoretical cognition: analysis and synthesis. To draw conclusions, the authors also used the method of comparison, which helped to identify contradictions in the interpretations of the ancient philosophical heritage. The results focus on the formation of the ancient concept of ethics and its development in the reception of subsequent philosophers, the impact of ethics on the present, the characteristics of cosmopolitanism in the modern cultural definition and the philosophical culture of the Greco-Roman period, and the definition of the ancient heritage in the resolution of intercultural conflicts used in the modern world. It is proved that the relevance of ethical issues, intercultural coexistence, and cosmopolitanism is growing in modern processes of globalization. The importance of the ancient cultural heritage, which permeates many aspects of modernity, is also emphasized. The scientific novelty consists in a comprehensive study of the influence of ancient culture on the development of European identity. The conclusions emphasize that the ideas that were formed in the period of antiquity have a great influence on the sociology, politics, and philosophical thinking of subsequent generations. Thus, ancient ideas played a significant role in the formation of European civilization.

Keywords: ancient philosophy, culture, ethics, cosmopolitanism, conflicts.